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Make Prayers to the Raven

A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest

A powerful account of the deep connection between the Koyukon people of western Alaska and the natural world that sustains them

A blending of ethnography, personal reflections, and natural history, Make Prayers to the Raven is a moving account of the Koyukon people of western Alaska, who follow a traditional lifeway of hunting, trapping, and fishing in remote villages scattered across the boreal forest. Intimacy with nature is the foundation of their existence, and they have accumulated a masterly knowledge of their environment. The Koyukon hunter moves through a watchful forest, kills with humility and respect, and treats his catch as a being filled with power.

In Make Prayers to the Raven, Nelson describes, from a Koyukon point of view, , elements of the earth, sky, and atmosphere of the boreal forest, as well as the significant plants and animals. He retells their origins in the dreamlike Distant Time, their spirit powers, their behavior and personality, and the rules dictating their proper treatment by men and women. Make Prayers to the Raven leads the reader to an appreciation of the power and substantiality of Koyukon beliefs, and it serves the Koyukon people themselves by educating others about their way of life and by providing the Koyukon with a means of passing on traditional knowledge to their children.


308 pages | 22 halftones, 1 map | 6 x 9 | © 1986

Anthropology: Cultural and Social Anthropology

Biological Sciences: Ecology

Native American and Indigenous Studies

Reviews

“Nelson spent a year among the Koyukon people of western Alaska, studying their intimate relationship with animals and the land. His chronicle of that visit represents a thorough and elegant account of the mystical connection between Native Americans and the natural world."

Outside

“This admirable reflection on the natural history of the Koyukon River drainage in Alaska is founded on knowledge the author gained as a student of the Koyukon culture, indigenous to that region. He presents these Athapascan views of the land—principally of its animals and Koyukon relationships with those creatures—together with a measured account of his own experiences and doubts. . . . For someone in search of a native American expression of ‘ecology’ and natural history, I can think of no better place to begin than with this work.”

Barry Lopez | Orion

“Far from being a romantic attempt to pass on the spiritual lore of Native Americans for a quick fix by others, this is a very serious ethnographic study of some Alaskan Indians in the Northern Forest area. . . . He has painstakingly regarded their views of earth, sky, water, mammals and every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. He does admire their love of nature and spirit. Those who see the world through his eyes using their eyes will likely come away with new respect for the boreal forest and those who live with it and in it, not against it.”

Christian Century

“In Make Prayers to the Raven Nelson reveals to us the Koyukon beliefs and attitudes toward the fauna that surround them in their forested
habitat close to the lower Yukon. . . . Nelson’s presentation also gives rich insights into the Koyukon subsistence cycle through the year and into the hardships of life in this northern region. The book is written with both brain and heart. . . . This book represents a landmark: never before has the integration of American Indians with their environment been so well spelled out.” 

Ake Hultkrantz, | Journal of Forest History

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments
Orthography
Introduction
1. The People
2. The Watchful World
3. Earth, Air, and Sky
4. The Plants
5. Earth Animals
6. The Fishes
7. The Birds
8. The Small Mammals
9. The Predatory Mammals
10. The Large Mammals
11. Ecological Patterns and Conservation Practices
12. Principles of Koyukon World View
13. Nature and the Koyukon Tradition
Epilogue
Appendixes
1. The Study
2. The Boreal Environment
3. Koyukon Terms for Natural Entities
4. Uses for Selected Major Species
Bibliography
Index

Excerpt

I was traveling alone with my dog team one bitter cold morning, on the trail that Crossed Moosehorn Lake and led toward a distant bend of the Koyukuk River. An hour earlier, I had set out from the village of Huslia, where I was living with the Koyukon people, studying their ways of understanding and interacting with the natural world. Halfway down the narrow lake, the perfect stillness was broken by a rush of wings overhead. Looking up, I saw a raven flap heavily to the top of a nearby spruce. It scrutinized me as I drew near, then flew on and landed in a tall tree farther along the trail. . . . I glanced back along the trail and saw only a dense cloud of vapor from the dog’s breath, hanging there in the stillness. Having confirmed what I already knew—that I was entirely alone—I looked intently at the raven above me. After a long, self-conscious hesitation, I shouted "Ts eek’ aal {Old Grandfather J, bring me luck!" Then I looked behind me again, as my words echoed into the surrounding forest.

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