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Making the Unequal Metropolis

School Desegregation and Its Limits

In a radically unequal United States, schools are often key sites in which injustice grows. Ansley T. Erickson’s Making the Unequal Metropolis presents a broad, detailed, and damning argument about the inextricable interrelatedness of school policies and the persistence of metropolitan-scale inequality. While many accounts of education in urban and metropolitan contexts describe schools as the victims of forces beyond their control, Erickson shows the many ways that schools have been intertwined with these forces and have in fact—via land-use decisions, curricula, and other tools—helped sustain inequality.

Taking Nashville as her focus, Erickson uncovers the hidden policy choices that have until now been missing from popular and legal narratives of inequality. In her account, inequality emerges not only from individual racism and white communities’ resistance to desegregation, but as the result of long-standing linkages between schooling, property markets, labor markets, and the pursuit of economic growth. By making visible the full scope of the forces invested in and reinforcing inequality, Erickson reveals the complex history of, and broad culpability for, ongoing struggles in our schools.

416 pages | 40 halftones, 2 line drawings, 4 tables | 6 x 9 | © 2016

Historical Studies of Urban America

Geography: Cultural and Historical Geography

History: American History, Urban History

Sociology: Race, Ethnic, and Minority Relations

Reviews

“Erickson’s detailed analysis makes these processes explicit and sets her work apart from conventional legal and historical accounts of desegregation in other key ways. First, her meticulous analysis spans more than fifty years of segregation and desegregation. Second, Erickson’s work stands out in its approach to understanding government culpability as a problem of political economy. She critiques de facto segregation narratives for masking state involvement, and demonstrates ways that state power operated across levels of government to maintain educational inequality. The book combines an expansive chronological scope with a political economy approach, and as a result provides countless examples of city planners, real estate developers, business leaders, and municipal officials making everyday decisions that ultimately perpetuated educational inequalities.”

Historical Studies in Education

Making the Unequal Metropolis provides the model for a comprehensive history that explores how factors both within the school system and without have interacted to increase inequality. Erickson convincingly demonstrates that neither white flight nor de facto residential segregation were the dominant factors that gutted policy efforts aimed at increasing equality; instead, it was the district’s enactment of those policies. In making multiple and varied decisions that redistributed ‘material, human, and social’ resources to privileged white suburban students—‘even within policy interventions ostensibly targeting equality’—educational inequality was remade.”

History of Education Quarterly

“Erickson argues persuasively that schools are significant markers of valued resources (land, high-quality housing and other properties, safety, family-oriented neighborhoods) and serve as proxies for those who possess such resources. . . . She reminds concerned readers, particularly educators and policy-makers, that curative policies and interventions absent an understanding of educational inequality’s historical foundations in slavery and racism are bound only to reinforce current disparities. Additionally, Erickson reveals that attempts at educational equality that are decoupled from integrated fair housing and urban renewal projects will only remake inequality.”

Journal of Children and Poverty

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
Introduction

Part I: Making Inequality, 1945–1968

1 / Metropolitan Visions of Segregation and Growth
2 / Desegregation from Tokenism to Moderation
3 / The Curricular Organization of Segregated Schooling
4 / The Spatial Organization of Schooling and Urban Renewal

Part II: Remaking Inequality, 1968–1998

5 / The Road to Busing
6 / Busing Resisted and Transformed
7 / Busing Lived and Imagined
8 / Busing Renegotiated
9 / The Long Road to the End of Desegregation

Conclusion
List of Oral History and Interview Participants
Notes
Index

Awards

History of Education Society: History of Education Society Outstanding Book Award
Won

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